PSG has now won the prestigious cup on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial leveler in the dying moments to force the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.